Seismic risk and seismic safety of structures
Authors: Nikolaev A.V.
Key words: seismic risks, seismic safety of structures, research methods, qualitative and quantitative models, microzoning.
Stages of development of seismology are marked by the most powerful earthquakes; they make you think about the nature of earthquakes, vibrational characteristics of soils and structures, their connections, to build qualitative and quantitative models of phenomena, to develop methods for calculating seismic vibrations in soils and structures.
In the article, some problems related to seismic microzoning, seismic vibrations of soils and foundations of structures, as well as fluctuations of the structures themselves are selected from a huge variety of tasks. Studies of seismic risks provide a new understanding of the processes and allow to move to quantitative solutions for specific buildings and structures exposed to seismic effects in specific engineering and geological conditions, contribute to the improvement of earthquake-resistant construction, development of new building materials, the creation of new methods of calculation of building structures, design, reduce seismic risk in General.
Theoretical and experimental studies
Universal earthquake energy index
Authors: Nesterova O.P., Uzdin A.M., Sibul G.B., Dolgaya A.A., Yuhai G.
Key words: earthquake, numerical indices, universal index.
An universal index to assess earthquake intensity is proposed. As such index it is proposed to use possible work of plastic deformation forces during the earthquake under consideration. To evaluate this work, the authors offered to use the spectra of the work of plastic deformation forces. This work is considered depending on the oscillation period of the structure and the elastic limit in Prandtl diagram simulating inelastic structure work. The volume of the spatial domain under the surface thus obtained serves as a universal criterion of earthquake intensity. For engineering calculations, it is convenient to use a root from this quantity, which is called the earthquake energy characteristic For engineering calculations, it is convenient to use a root from this quantity, which is called the energy characteristic of the earthquake. This excludes the need of considering the peak acceleration, the duration of the earthquake, the number of cycles and other features that characterize earthquake intensity to a greater or lesser degree.
Dependence of aryas intensitivity on the predominant earthquake period
Authors: Prokopovich S.V., Uzdin A.M.
Key words: seismic action, Arias intensity, dependence on the prevailing period.
A certain type of dependence of the Arias intensity on the prevailing of seismic action period is proposed. The parameters of the proposed dependence were obtained using records of 91 earthquake accelerograms with intensity 9 on the MSK-scale. Unlike previous studies, the parameters of the proposed dependence can be given a physical meaning.
Assessment of qualifications
To the question of the use of the term «engineer» in the name of professional standards
Authors: Akbiev R.T., Factorovich A.A., Morozova T.V.
Key words: engineer, human resources, independent assessment of qualifications, professional standards, national classification, the labor market, a directory of new and promising professions, the construction industry, the labour code.
The article discusses the methodological basis for the development of professional standards in the construction industry. On the basis of the analysis of the labor legislation of the Russian Federation, legislation in the field of education and urban planning, the question of establishing the names and use of the concept of «engineer» in professional standards is studied. On the basis of the conducted researches the corresponding recommendations are formed.
