Protection of buildings from tsunami in seismically dangerous areas
Authors: Belash T.A., Nudga I. B., Yakovlev A.D.
Key words: building construction, earthquake resistance, tsunami resistance
To ensure the safety of people living in areas at risk of earthquakes and tsunami waves, it is proposed to place a number of small low-rise buildings on a car overpass. This article is devoted to the study of the seismic resistance of this design solution, the influence on it of changes in the geometric and stiffness parameters of the structure. It has been established that the height of the racks has the greatest influence, however, this parameter is also crucial in the tsunami safety of the entire structure. It was proposed that the part of the flyover with buildings be separated from the rest of the flyover with expansion joints, the width of the structure should be selected in accordance with the necessary capacity of the flyover, the wave height on the shore should be used as the height of the racks as a compromise between the seismic and tsunamite safety of the structure, and the material and location options of the supports should be chosen with the necessary bearing capacity of the whole structure. The ability of the proposed design to withstand seismic loads of 8 or more points is proved.
Estimation of seismic resistance of architectural monuments in the territory of Syria
Authors: Belash T.A, Aldrebi Z.A.
Key words: earthquake, seismicity, building structures, architectural monuments of Syria, earthquake resistance, earthquake period, design scheme of the Great Mosque
The article provides a theoretical calculation of seismic resistance of one of the most significant architectural monuments in Syria, the Great Mosque in Aleppo. The deformations were determined and the movements in the mosque building from seismic effects were compared, since an analysis of the seismic situation in Syria indicates a high seismic activity in this territory, which can greatly affect the state and preservation of architectural monuments, many of which are under UNESCO protection. This calculation is intended to help increase the seismic resistance of the monuments of architecture of Syria on the example of the aforementioned mosque.
Safety of components, buildings and structures
Research of the dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete structures under accidental loads using an elastic-plastic model
Authors: Fedorov I.V.
Key words: calculation of reinforced concrete slab , impact of explosion , emergency impacts, nonlinear behavior of concrete, dynamic behavior, finite element modeling
When modeling the dynamic behavior of concrete and reinforced concrete structures under accidental loads, the stresses in some structural elements often reach values that significantly exceed the strength limits of concrete. To correctly predict the consequences of such impacts on the structure, it is necessary to take into account the effects associated with the nonlinear behavior of concrete caused by its destruction. The article presents an example of using an elastic-plastic model of concrete in solving the problem of the impact of an explosion on a reinforced concrete slab.
Safety of earth structures, bases and foundations
Geotechnical support of structural safety of long-term operated sewer tunnels under conditions of weak primes and intensive technogenic and dynamic exposures (Experience of Saint-Petersburg)
Authors: Perminov N.A., Perminov A.N.
Key words: tunnel collectors, dynamic and tecnogenic impact, protective measures, geotechnical monitoring
Intensive development of megalopolises calls the need for sustainable functioning of facilities of the underground urban infrastructure. The special protection against technogenic influence is required for long operated tunnel sewage collectors related to the structures of high level of responsibility. This article, based on extensive materials of experience in studying the work of the tunnel collectors in conditions of weak soils and intense external static and dynamic influences, describes new methods of diagnosing their technical condition, classification features of defects of the tunnel construction, and methods of determining the residual life of their bearing capacity, as well as the results of modeling the collaboration «tunnel — geomassiv» system work at various static and dynamic loads and comparison with experimental data on experimental objects.
On the effectiveness of using existing methods of strengthening the Foundation of structures of railway buildings in use in complex natural-climatic and engineering-geological conditions
Authors: Belash T.A., Nudga I.B., Mikhaylyuk E.R.
Key words: railway buildings, foundations, strengthening
Currently, much attention is paid to the development of the Northern territories of the Russian Federation. At the same time, a special role is given to railway transport and the development of its infrastructure, which includes various buildings and structures. Accident-free operation of these facilities is the most important factor in the implementation of projects for the integrated development of the Arctic coast. The conditions in which railway buildings and structures have to be operated are characterized by severe climatic parameters and complex engineering and geological situations. In these conditions, the most important part of the objects are the Foundation structures. The materials of this article are devoted to the study of the effectiveness of methods of their strengthening for the operated railway buildings of the Murmansk branch of the Oktyabrskaya railway. The evaluation was performed for reinforcement in the form of a reinforced concrete cage device, a reinforced concrete jacket device, and the application of a build-up method.
The effectiveness of the existing methods of strengthening the foundations of the railway buildings is evaluated on the example of the railway building for administrative and household purposes, which is located in Murmansk.
Achievement of the seismic resistance vibrosolated turbine foundation
Authors: Tarasov V.A.
Key words: earthquake, earthquake resistance; vibration insulated foundation; turbine foundation; response spectra
The article contains the results of the dynamic analysis of several structural solutions for the vibration-isolated foundation of a high-speed turbine unit operating in conditions of increased seismic activity. During the research, five different design models were created. Each model refers to various design solutions in the field of vibration isolation turbine. Modeling and calculations were carried out in the program NASTRAN. The main design characteristics used for the comparative analysis of alternative constructive solutions were: acceleration on the foundation; peak seismic acceleration in the spectrum; the largest deformations of insulating elements. The article concludes that the design solution is preferable, involving the use of dampers in the capacitor supports together with spring insulators of increased horizontal stiffness, and a combination of spring and spring-damper insulators in the supports of the turbine unit foundation.
Design analysis, design of components, buildings and structures
About the possibility of using existing methods of soil-structure interaction in dynamic analysis of civil engineering structures
Authors: Belash T.A., Travin S.M.
Key words: soil foundation, soil-structure interaction, dynamic calculations
The article provides an overview of existing modeling methods of soil — structure interaction in dynamic analysis of buildings and structures. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches. Since direct methods based on models with a large number of degrees of freedom are time-consuming and require significant computer resources, simplified approaches, where soil is specified as a combination of springs and dampers, were described in more detail. A comparative analysis of the results obtained using various methods has been performed: industryspecific method, used in the calculation of nuclear facilities, method described by society of civil engineers of the United States and method of Russian building codes. It was concluded that Russian building codes require improvement in terms of recommendations for calculating the dynamic stiffness of the soil base of buildings and structures, the footprint of which has an area of more than 200 m2.
New technology. Innovative activity
Russian (soviet) piled vibrotechnology as the basis of development in the world practice of vibration technologies
Authors: Verstov V.V
Key words: vibration engineering, vibration technology
The questions of pile-sinking and the extracting elements using vibration are considered. The history of the development of pile vibration technology has been briefly shown. The main types and parameters of vibration machines created in the period from 1949 to the present, as well as the main theoretical prerequisites that contribute to the development of the vibration method are given.
